Turbo ventilation



March 30 1926. 1,578,510

R. E. GILMAN TURBO VENTILATION Filed Oct 5, 1925 wlTNEssEs; lNvENToR f, ffm/15. //mm Y Patented Mar. 30, 1926.

UNITED STATES .Partnr orties.

RALPTI E. GILMAN, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANA, ASSIGNOR T0 WESTNGHOUSE ELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CGR-POBATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

TURBO VENTILATION.

Application led October 5, 1923.

To all whom fit may concern.'

Be it known that I, RALPH E. GILMAN,

a citizen of the United States, and a resident ot Pit'sburgh, in the county oi Allegheny and State ot Pennsylvania, have invented a new andV useful Improvement in Turbo Ventilation, ot which the following is a specication.

My invention relates to the ventilation of dynamo-electric inachines and it has pai'- ticular relation to the type of iiiachine which is ventilated by ineans ot air adniitted to the periphery ot the stator as wfell as air adinitted to the ends of the air-gap, the ventilation being secured by a circulation radially through Ventilating ducts in the stator and axially through the air-gap.

Another object of iny invention is to provide sonie ineans for producing a baille ring in the air gap for controlling or equalizing the distribution ot radial air velocities in the stator Ventilating ducts ot machines ot the type 'just described.

My invention is an iinproyenient ot the type ot apparatus described generically in a copending application, Serial No. 645,779, lilcd June 26, 1923, by Donald Bratt and Carl J. Fechheinier, and assigned to the Vilestinghouse Electric and hlanutacturing Company.

In saidcopending application, approxiinately equal radial air velocities in the stator ineniber were secured solely by the proper choice of the nuinbers and cross-sectional areas oit the several radial Ventilating spaces and the dimensions of the air gap, but the prior applicants did not realize the iinportance ot, or at least the nieans for, causing the radial velocities to be syni` inetrically distributed with respect to the center-lines ot the respective groups. It is not always possible to secure the desired results by lsuch ineans, particularly in the end groups ot radial Ventilating spaces, since the balance point in said end groups is usually displaced too far toward the inner end ot said groups. According to iny invention, therefore, I provide baiile i'ingsvin theV air gap for producing an artificial balance point, or tor otherwise controlling the distribution of the air in the radial ventilating spaces ot' the stator, whereby the radial velocities in any group ot stator intake or discharge passages are substantially syin- Serial No. 666,699.

inetrical with respect to the center-line of the group.

vWith the toregoino' and other objects in view, iny invention consists in the construction and arrangement hereinafter described and claiined, and illustrated in the accoinpanying drawing, wherein- Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional View illustrating a turbo-alternator embodying niy invention, and

Fig.' 2 is a curve drawing illustrating the principles ot application ot iny inven tion.

In Fig. 1 is shown a turbo-alternator coniprising a stator ineinber 10, carrying alter- .mating-current windings 11, and a rotor nieniber 12, carrying direct-current field windings, the end turns of which are shown at 13. The stator and rotor nienibers are both ot the smooth-core typefaud they are separated by an air-gap 14.

The stator ineinber 10 comprises a laminated inagnetizable core 15 having a large nuinber ot radial ventilatiiig spaces 16 lettbetween bunches ot laininations 17. rlhe radial Ventilating spaces or ducts are divided into a plurality of groups surrounded by annular chainbers 18, 19 and 20, the central and end chanibers 20 and 18 being discharge chambers having discharge vents 21, and the intermediate chainber 19 being an intake chainber for forcing a cooling fluid radially inwardly through the corresliionding radial spaces 16.

Cooling fluid is supplied to the end bells oit the inachine by any suitable means, such as fans 23 which are secured to the ends ot the rotor nieniber 12. The intake charnbers 19 are likewise supplied with cooling iiuid by any suitable nieaiis, such as duct-s 2e connecting the saine to the respective end-ball spaces.

The general operation ot the Ventilating systeni shown in Fig. l will be obvious.

Cooling fluid adinittedtroin the ends ot the The function ot cooling is pertormedtilation, utilizing air blown in from the mainly by the radially moving air in the radial Ventilating spaces rather than by the axially moving air in the air-gap, and prior .,structures oit the type-hereinabove described have beensubject to the objection thatl the air admitted from the ends ot the air-gap travels at such a high initial velocity that it does not have a suiiicient pressure-head to cause a sutiicient radial flow in the 'irst .few rradial Ventilating spaces of the-stator member. Furthermore, the air admitted from-,the ends oi" the air-gap disturbs the balance or ksymmetry of they radial-velocity ./.distributionv in all of the sections Xcept the center section and. it very greatly increases balance or symmetry spoken of is the .Similarity of the velocity curvel on opposite sides ot' the center-line or each section in question. A. typical curve illustrating the conditions in machines ot the4 typelnown in the. prior art `is indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 2, .wherein the' radial velocities are Aplotted against the length oi". the air-gap.

Since. the principalcocling function is performed by the radiallymoving air, and since such pooling is dependent upon the velocit-y ot the air, it is apparently desir- `able tomaintaiii, as' tar. aspossible, balanced ,or symmetrical conditions in each oft the sec- .;tions orgrcups of radial ventilating'spaces of the stator member. l have found that the poor radial-velocity distribution which is shown `in dotted lines in lFig. 2 can be im- According-.to .my invention, therefore, l

.providebatHe-rings 26 disposed about the rotorimeinber and projecting into the air gap. Such battle rings may be provdedby means of groups ot rotorI laminations of `vgreater diameter than the other laminatioiis,

or by .means .otaniiular rings ot suitable material Vsuch as balrelite micarta.

In .the torin'iot my invention as sho-wn,

wayot example, in. Fig. 1,. the battle ring y 26isdisposed on vthe vcentral line ot the iirst ysection of the statorinember to provide, in

`with a view to obtaining a substantially balanced or symmetrical distribution ot the radial velocities with respect to the centers of each group ot' radial intake or discharge y aassaes. 'The baille rinO is` then )laced at l s e l the ends ot the halt-sections comprising the end discharge radial vents of the stator ventilation. The so-called air-gap7 vencharge'tor the stator ventilation, and the resultant distribution of radial'velocity will be somewhat as shown in full lines inl Fig. 2. lt will be seen that the result of this arrangement is that all groups liaveapproximately the same minimum radial. velocities, and approximately the same maximum radial velocities, oi' the-cooling'tluid.

'lvVhile l have shown my battle rings as being disposed at the balancev points of' the end sections, that is, at the points ofinaximum radial velocities in the radial ventilating spaces, it is, ot course, obvious that baille rings ot various thicknesses may be disposed atotherpoints inthe 'air gap, particularly points closer to the end 'bells of the machine, for increasing ythe radial flow in the terminal radial spaces of the statOrniember. Furthermore, while I .liave shown battle rings as mounted upon the rotor member, it is obvious that such rings may also be mounted on the stator member. Idesire, therefore, that the appended claims shall be given the. broadest vinterpretation consistent with the prior art. i

l` claim as my invention:

l. A dynamo-electric machinecomprising astator member and a rotor member separated by an air-gap, said stator meinberbe- ,ing provided with a plurality ot radial ventilating spaces surrounding said air-ga means for introducing-a Ventilatingfluid and cansino` the same to move radially inwardly in certain ,radialspaces, radially outwardly in othei'saiid axially in the air-gap, land baffle means disposed within said.v airgap tor equalizing thedistribution of radial velocities ot the ventilating fluid.

2.4 A dynamo-electric machine comprising a statorinembei and a rotor member separated by an air-gap, said statormember being provided with a plurality of radial ventilating spaces surrounding said air-gap, stator ventilation means for introducing a Ventilating tluid Ato the periphery of the stator member and tor `causing said veiitilating tluid to move radially inwardly .in -certain radial spaces, radially outwardly in others and axially in the air-gap, said means being arranged for substantially balanced or symmetrical ldistribution o't-radial veloci- ,ties in each ot the intermediate groups-ot intake v andv discharge 'radial ventilating spaces and in the inner portion of the Yend groups of discharge radial ventilating spaces, air-gap ventilation means' for introducing a Ventilating fluid to the ends of the air-gap, said fluid passing outwardly through the adjacent radial spaces, and a plurality of battle rings disposed on said rotor member within said air-gap and near the ends thereof for substantially areventing the Ventilating fluid admitted rom the ends of the air-gap from disturbing said balanced stator ventilation.

3. A dynamo-electric machine comprising a stator member and a rotor member separated by an air-gap, said stator member being provided with a plurality of radial Ventilating spaces surrounding said air-gap, a common means for introducing a ventilating fluid to a plurality of annular regions around the stator member and to the ends of the air-gap and for causing said ventilating Huid to move radially inwardly in certain radial spaces, radially outwardly in others and axially inthe air-gap, said means being arranged for substantially balanced or symmetrical distribution of radial velocities in each of the intermediate groups of intake and discharge radial Ventilating spaces and in the inner portion of the end groups of' discharge radial Ventilating spaces, and a battle ring disposed on said rotor member within said air-gap between the ends of each of said end groups of discharge radial Ventilating spaces for substantially balancing the static pressures of the axially fiowing Ventilating fluids admitted, respectively, from the ends of the air-gap and from the periphery of the stator member, whereby said substantially balanced or symmetrical distribution of radial velocities .is maintained.

4. A -dynamo-electric machine having a vrotor and a stator with an air-gap therebetween, said stator embodying a Ventilating system comprising a plurality of groups of radially extending Ventilating spaces surrounding the air-gap, intake chambers surrounding one or more groups of` radial spaces for conducting a cooling fluid radially inwardly, discharge means surrounding the remaining groups of radial spaces, and a baflie member or members so disposed in the air-gap that all groups have substantially the same minimum radialvelocities and the same maximum radial velocities of the cooling fluid.

5. A dynamo-electric machine having a rotor and a stator with an air-gap therebetween, said stator embodying a Ventilating system comprising a plurality of groups of radially extending Ventilating spaces surrounding the air-gap, intake chambers surrounding one or more groups of radial spaces for conducting a cooling fluid radially inwardly, discharge means surrounding the remaining groups of Vradial spaces, entrance chambers for cooling fluid at the two ends of the air gap, means for maintaining approximately the same pressures in said intake and entrance chambers, and means for providing, in eHect, a baffle ring disposed in the air-gap under each of the end groups whereby approximately equal average radial velocities are obtained in all of the groups.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 2nd day of October, 1923.

RALPH E. GILMAN. 

